Research Article
Maximum Discharge of Lateral Pipes in Sewage Flow
Reuben Wambugu Mwangi,
Mathew Ngugi Kinyanjui,
Phineas Roy Kiogora*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-11
Received:
20 November 2024
Accepted:
3 December 2024
Published:
2 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.acm.20251401.11
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Abstract: Rapid growth and population increase in urban centers has led to unplanned and rushed construction of buildings and amenities. This has led to poor development of sewer intakes from the buildings to the main sewer line. Therefore sewer blockage and low velocity of the sludge have been witnessed. The aim of this study is to investigate on how to achieve a maximum discharge of the lateral pipes into the main sewer line both from buildings and service (streets) sewer lines. This is achieved when sewerage system discharge is determined by the size of the sewer pipe used, effective inflow into the main sewer (linkages), slope (excavation depth) and distance between manhole. The governing equations for the flow are equation of continuity, momentum equations, energy equation and concentration equation. The nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations , then solved numerically using the Collocation Method using an inbuilt MATLAB library known as Bvp4c. Velocity profiles, temperature profiles and the concentration profiles obtained are analyzed and discussed on how they affect the maximum discharge of sewer flow. Flow parameters are varied and their effect on the flow variables are determined and discussed. This study has remarkable applications in designing of the water, sanitation and sewer systems. This will reduce outbreak of diseases such as cholera, typhoid and enhance clean water and environment.
Abstract: Rapid growth and population increase in urban centers has led to unplanned and rushed construction of buildings and amenities. This has led to poor development of sewer intakes from the buildings to the main sewer line. Therefore sewer blockage and low velocity of the sludge have been witnessed. The aim of this study is to investigate on how to ach...
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Research Article
A State Estimation H∞ Issue for Continuous-Time Impulsive Genetic Regulatory Networks with Random Delays Via Sampled-Data Approach
Pandiselvi Selvakumar,
Meenakshi Ramachandran*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
12-22
Received:
20 October 2024
Accepted:
20 November 2024
Published:
3 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.acm.20251401.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This paper addresses the state-estimation H∞ problem for continuous-time impulsive genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with random delays, using a sampled-data approach. Genetic regulatory networks are fundamental in controlling gene expression and protein synthesis, governed by regulatory interactions between transcription factors and mRNA (Messenger Ribonucleic Acid) binding sites. To estimate mRNA and protein concentrations, sampled measurements replace continuous measurements in this framework. We propose a new model that leverages impulsive control strategies to regulate mRNA and protein dynamics under conditions with random delays. The primary contribution of this study is the derivation of sufficient conditions that guaranteeing that impulsive genetic regulatory networks is globally asymptotically stable is derived. By introducing a discontinuous Lyapunov- Krasovskii functional, sufficient stability analysis has been rooted in terms of LMIs: Linear Matrix Inequalities. By applying Wirtinger inequality technique, conservation of the impulsive GRNs system is globally asymptotically stable in the mean- square sense have been diminished greatly. Eventually, a numerical example is given to the feasibility and advantages of the developed results.
Abstract: This paper addresses the state-estimation H∞ problem for continuous-time impulsive genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with random delays, using a sampled-data approach. Genetic regulatory networks are fundamental in controlling gene expression and protein synthesis, governed by regulatory interactions between transcription factors and mRNA (Messeng...
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